Kubva muzana remakore rechi20, rudzi rwevanhu rwave ruchifadzwa nekuongorora nzvimbo uye kunzwisisa zviri kunze kwePasi.Masangano makuru akadai seNASA neESA anga ari pamberi pekutsvaga nzvimbo, uye mumwe mutambi anokosha mukukunda uku ndeye 3D kudhinda.Nekukwanisa kukurumidza kugadzira zvikamu zvakaoma pamutengo wakaderera, iyi tekinoroji yekugadzira iri kuwedzera kuve yakakurumbira mumakambani.Inoita kuti kusikwa kwezvishandiso zvakawanda zvigoneke, senge setiraiti, spacesuits, uye zvinhu zveroketi.Muchokwadi, maererano neSmarTech, kukosha kwemusika weiyo yakazvimirira indasitiri yekuwedzera yekugadzira inotarisirwa kusvika € 2.1 bhiriyoni panosvika 2026. Izvi zvinomutsa mubvunzo: 3D kudhinda kungabatsira sei vanhu kugona mudenga?
Pakutanga, kudhinda kwe3D kwainyanya kushandiswa kukurumidza prototyping mumaindasitiri ekurapa, emotokari, uye emuchadenga.Nekudaro, sezvo tekinoroji yawedzera kupararira, iri kushandiswa zvakanyanya kune yekupedzisira-chinangwa zvikamu.Simbi yekuwedzera yekugadzira tekinoroji, kunyanya L-PBF, yakabvumira kugadzirwa kweakasiyana simbi ane hunhu uye kusimba kwakakodzera kune yakanyanyisa nzvimbo mamiriro.Mamwe matekinoroji ekudhinda e3D, akadai seDED, binder jetting, uye extrusion process, anoshandiswawo mukugadzira zvinhu zvemuchadenga.Mumakore achangopfuura, mhando itsva dzebhizinesi dzakabuda, nemakambani akadai seMade in Space uye Relativity Space achishandisa tekinoroji yekudhinda ye3D kugadzira zvinhu zvemuchadenga.
Relativity Space kugadzira 3D printer yeaerospace indasitiri
3D kudhinda tekinoroji mune aerospace
Izvozvi zvatavasuma, ngatitarisei zvakanyanya akasiyana 3D matekinoroji ekudhinda anoshandiswa muindasitiri yezvemuchadenga.Kutanga, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti simbi yekuwedzera kugadzirwa, kunyanya L-PBF, ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa mundima iyi.Kuita uku kunosanganisira kushandisa laser simba kusanganisa simbi hupfu layer nedhiri.Inonyanya kukodzera kugadzira zvikamu zvidiki, zvakaoma, chaizvo, uye zvakagadzirirwa.Vagadziri veAerospace vanogonawo kubatsirwa kubva kuDED, iyo inosanganisira kuisa simbi waya kana hupfu uye inonyanya kushandiswa kugadzirisa, kupfekedza, kana kugadzira simbi dzakagadzirirwa kana zvikamu zveceramic.
Kusiyana neizvi, binder jetting, kunyange zvazvo inobatsira maererano nekumhanya kwekugadzira uye kudhura kwakaderera, haina kukodzera kugadzira zvikamu zvepamusoro zvemakina nokuti zvinoda post-processing kusimbisa matanho anowedzera nguva yekugadzira yechigadzirwa chekupedzisira.Extrusion tekinoroji inoshandawo munzvimbo yenzvimbo.Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti haasi ese mapolymer akakodzera kushandiswa munzvimbo, asi mapurasitiki epamusoro-soro akadai sePEEK anogona kutsiva mamwe masimbi nekuda kwesimba rawo.Zvakadaro, iyi 3D kudhinda maitiro haisati yanyanya kupararira, asi inogona kuve yakakosha pfuma yekuongorora nzvimbo nekushandisa zvitsva.
Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) tekinoroji inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mu 3D kudhinda kweaerospace.
Kugona kweSpace Materials
Indasitiri yezvemuchadenga yanga ichitsvaga zvinhu zvitsva kuburikidza nekudhinda kwe 3D, ichikurudzira dzimwe nzira itsva dzinogona kukanganisa musika.Nepo simbi dzakaita setitanium, aluminium, uye nickel-chromium alloys dzagara dziri iyo inonyanya kutariswa, chinhu chitsva chinogona kukurumidza kuba chitarisiko: lunar regolith.Lunar regolith ihuruva yakafukidza mwedzi, uye ESA yakaratidza mabhenefiti ekuisanganisa ne3D kudhinda.Advenit Makaya, mukuru anogadzira mainjiniya weESA, anotsanangura regolith yemwedzi seyakafanana nekongiri, inonyanya kuumbwa nesilicon uye mamwe makemikari zvinhu zvakaita sesimbi, magnesium, aluminium, uye oxygen.ESA yakabatana neLithoz kugadzira zvikamu zvidiki zvinoshanda senge screws uye magiya uchishandisa yakateedzera lunar regolith ine zvivakwa zvakafanana neguruva remwedzi chaiwo.
Mazhinji emaitiro anobatanidzwa mukugadzira lunar regolith anoshandisa kupisa, zvichiita kuti ienderane nematekinoroji akadai seSLS uye poda bonding kudhinda mhinduro.ESA iri kushandisawo tekinoroji yeD-Shape nechinangwa chekugadzira zvikamu zvakasimba nekusanganisa magnesium chloride nemidziyo uye nekuisanganisa nemagnesium oxide inowanikwa mumuenzaniso wakayedzerwa.Imwe yemabhenefiti akakosha echinhu ichi chemwedzi ndeyekudhinda kwayo kwakatsetseka, ichiigonesa kuburitsa zvikamu zvine hunyoro hwepamusoro.Ichi ficha chinogona kuve chinhu chekutanga mukuwedzera huwandu hwemashandisirwo uye zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira kune ramangwana mabhesi emwedzi.
Lunar Regolith iri Kwese kwese
Kune zvakare Martian regolith, ichitaura nezve subsurface zvinhu zvinowanikwa paMars.Parizvino, masangano epasi rese emuchadenga haakwanise kudzoreredza chinyorwa ichi, asi izvi hazvina kumisa masayendisiti kutsvagisa kugona kwayo mune mamwe mapurojekiti emuchadenga.Vatsvagiri vari kushandisa zvienzaniso zvechinyorwa ichi uye vari kuzvisanganisa netitanium alloy kugadzira maturusi kana zvinhu zveroketi.Mhedzisiro yekutanga inoratidza kuti chinyorwa ichi chinopa simba repamusoro uye kudzivirira michina kubva mukuora uye kukuvara kwemwaranzi.Kunyangwe izvi zvinhu zviviri zvine zvimiro zvakafanana, lunar regolith ichiri yakanyanya kuedzwa zvinhu.Chimwe chakanakira ndechekuti zvinhu izvi zvinogona kugadzirwa pa-saiti pasina kukosha kwekutakura zvinhu kubva kuNyika.Uye zvakare, regolith isimba risingaperi rezvinhu, rinobatsira kudzivirira kushomeka.
Iko kushandiswa kweiyo 3D yekudhinda tekinoroji muindasitiri yemuchadenga
Iko kushandiswa kweiyo 3D yekudhinda tekinoroji muindasitiri yemuchadenga inogona kusiyana zvichienderana nemaitiro chaiwo anoshandiswa.Semuenzaniso, laser poda mubhedha fusion (L-PBF) inogona kushandiswa kugadzira zvakaomarara zvenguva pfupi zvikamu, senge maturusi masisitimu kana nzvimbo yekusara.Launcher, yekuCalifornia-yakavakirwa kutanga, yakashandisa Velo3D's sapphire-metal 3D kudhinda tekinoroji kusimudzira yayo E-2 liquid rocket injini.Maitiro emugadziri akashandiswa kugadzira iyo induction turbine, iyo inoita basa rakakosha mukumhanyisa uye kutyaira LOX (mvura okisijeni) mukamuri yekupisa.Iyo turbine nesensor zvakadhindwa imwe neimwe uchishandisa 3D tekinoroji yekudhinda uyezve yakaunganidzwa.Ichi chinoumba chikamu chinopa roketi nekuyerera kukuru kwemvura uye kusunda kukuru, zvichiita kuti ive chikamu chakakosha cheinjini.
Velo3D yakabatsira mukushandiswa kwePBF tekinoroji mukugadzira E-2 liquid rocket injini.
Kuwedzera kwekugadzira kune yakakura maapplication, kusanganisira kugadzirwa kwediki uye hombe zvimiro.Semuyenzaniso, matekinoroji ekudhinda e3D akadai seRelativity Space's Stargate mhinduro inogona kushandiswa kugadzira zvikamu zvakakura senge roketi mafuta matangi uye blades.Relativity Space yakaratidza izvi kuburikidza nekubudirira kugadzirwa kweTeran 1, roketi rinenge rakazara 3D-yakadhindwa, kusanganisira akati wandei-mamita-refu tangi remafuta.Kuvhurwa kwayo kwekutanga munaKurume 23, 2023, kwakaratidza kugona uye kuvimbika kwemaitiro ekuwedzera ekugadzira.
Extrusion-based 3D kudhinda tekinoroji inobvumirawo kugadzirwa kwezvikamu uchishandisa yakakwirira-inoshanda zvinhu sePEEK.Zvikamu zvakagadzirwa neiyi thermoplastic zvakatoedzwa mudenga uye zvakaiswa paRashid rover sechikamu cheUAE lunar mission.Chinangwa chebvunzo iyi chaive chekuongorora kuramba kwePEEK kumamiriro akanyanya emwedzi.Kana ikabudirira, PEEK inogona kukwanisa kutsiva zvikamu zvesimbi mumamiriro ezvinhu apo zvikamu zvesimbi zvinoputika kana zvinhu zvishoma.Pamusoro pezvo, PEEK's lightweight zvivakwa zvinogona kuve zvakakosha mukutsvagisa nzvimbo.
3D tekinoroji yekudhinda inogona kushandiswa kugadzira akasiyana ezvikamu zveindasitiri yemuchadenga.
Zvakanakira 3D kudhinda mune aerospace indasitiri
Zvakanakira kudhinda kwe3D muindasitiri yezvemuchadenga zvinosanganisira kugadziridzwa kwekupedzisira kutaridzika kwezvikamu zvichienzaniswa nemaitiro ekuvaka echinyakare.Johannes Homa, CEO weAustria 3D printer anogadzira Lithoz, akataura kuti "tekinoroji iyi inoita kuti zvikamu zvireruke."Nekuda kwerusununguko rwekugadzira, zvigadzirwa zvakadhindwa zve 3D zvinoshanda zvakanyanya uye zvinoda zviwanikwa zvishoma.Izvi zvine mhedzisiro yakanaka pakukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza kwekugadzirwa kwechikamu.Relativity Space yakaratidza kuti kuwedzera kwekugadzira kunogona kuderedza zvakanyanya huwandu hwezvinhu zvinodiwa kugadzira spacecraft.Kune Terran 1 roketi, 100 zvikamu zvakachengetwa.Pamusoro pezvo, tekinoroji iyi ine mabhenefiti akakosha mukumhanya kwekugadzira, neroketi ichipedzwa mukati memazuva asingasviki makumi matanhatu.Kusiyana neizvi, kugadzira roketi uchishandisa nzira dzechinyakare zvinogona kutora makore akati wandei.
Nezve maneja manejimendi, 3D kudhinda kunogona kuchengetedza zvinhu uye, mune dzimwe nguva, kunyange kubvumira marara kudzokororwa.Chekupedzisira, kugadzirwa kwekuwedzera kunogona kuve chinhu chakakosha kudzikisa huremu hwekusimuka kwemaroketi.Chinangwa ndechekuwedzera kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvemuno, senge regolith, uye kuderedza kutakurwa kwezvinhu mukati mespacecraft.Izvi zvinoita kuti zvikwanise kutakura chete 3D printer, iyo inogona kugadzira zvese pa-saiti mushure merwendo.
Made in Space yakatotumira imwe yeprinta yavo ye3D kunzvimbo yekuyedza.
Kuganhurirwa kwe3D kudhinda munzvimbo
Kunyangwe kudhinda kwe3D kune zvakawanda zvakanakira, tekinoroji ichiri nyowani uye ine painogumira.Advenit Makaya akati, "Rimwe rematambudziko makuru nekugadzirwa kwekuwedzera muindasitiri yezvemuchadenga kudzora uye kusimbiswa."Vagadziri vanogona kupinda murabhoritari uye kuyedza simba rechikamu chimwe nechimwe, kuvimbika, uye microstructure isati yasimbiswa, maitiro anozivikanwa seasina-kuparadza kuyedza (NDT).Nekudaro, izvi zvinogona kutora nguva uye zvinodhura, saka chinangwa chekupedzisira ndechekudzikisa kudiwa kwebvunzo idzi.NASA nguva pfupi yadarika yakagadzira muzinda wekugadzirisa nyaya iyi, yakatarisana nekukurumidza kupihwa chitupa chesimbi inogadzirwa nekuwedzera kugadzira.Nzvimbo iyi ine chinangwa chekushandisa mapatya edhijitari kuvandudza mhando dzemakomputa ezvigadzirwa, izvo zvichabatsira mainjiniya kuti anzwisise zviri nani mashandiro uye zvipimo zvezvikamu, kusanganisira kuwanda kwaanogona kumira kusati kwaputsika.Nekuita izvi, muzinda unotarisira kubatsira kusimudzira kushandiswa kwe3D kudhinda muindasitiri yemuchadenga, zvichiita kuti ibudirire mukukwikwidza nemaitiro echinyakare ekugadzira.
Izvi zvikamu zvakave nekuvimbika kwakadzama uye kuyedzwa kwesimba.
Kune rimwe divi, maitiro ekusimbisa akasiyana kana kugadzira kuchiitwa munzvimbo.Advenit Makaya weESA anotsanangura, "Pane nzira inobatanidza kuongorora zvikamu panguva yekudhinda."Iyi nzira inobatsira kuona kuti ndezvipi zvigadzirwa zvakadhindwa zvakakodzera uye izvo zvisina.Pamusoro pezvo, kune yekuzvigadzirisa yega sisitimu yemaprinta e3D akagadzirirwa nzvimbo uye iri kuedzwa pamakina esimbi.Iyi sisitimu inogona kuona zvikanganiso zvinogona kuitika mukugadzira uye kugadzirisa otomatiki ma paramita ayo kugadzirisa chero kukanganisa muchikamu.Aya masisitimu maviri anotarisirwa kuvandudza kuvimbika kwezvigadzirwa zvakadhindwa muchadenga.
Kusimbisa 3D kudhinda mhinduro, NASA neESA dzakagadzira zviyero.Aya mazinga anosanganisira akatevedzana ebvunzo kuona kuvimbika kwezvikamu.Ivo vanofunga hupfu mubhedha fusion tekinoroji uye vari kuvagadziridza kune mamwe maitiro.Nekudaro, vazhinji vatambi vakuru muindasitiri yezvigadzirwa, seArkema, BASF, Dupont, uye Sabic, zvakare vanopa iyi traceability.
Kugara muchadenga?
Nekufambira mberi kwehunyanzvi hwekudhinda hwe3D, takaona zvirongwa zvakawanda zvakabudirira paPasi zvinoshandisa tekinoroji iyi kuvaka dzimba.Izvi zvinoita kuti tishamise kuti hurongwa uhu hungazoshandiswa munguva pfupi iri kutevera here kana kuti kure mukuvaka zvivakwa zvinogara muchadenga.Kunyange kugara muchadenga kusiri kwechokwadi, kuvaka dzimba, kunyanya pamwedzi, kunogona kubatsira kune vanoongorora muchadenga mukuita mishoni dzemuchadenga.Chinangwa cheEuropean Space Agency (ESA) ndechekuvaka dzimba pamwedzi uchishandisa lunar regolith, iyo inogona kushandiswa kuvaka madziro kana zvidhinha kudzivirira vazivi venyeredzi kubva kumwaranzi.Sekureva kwaAdvenit Makaya anobva kuESA, lunar regolith inoumbwa ne60% simbi uye 40% okisijeni uye chinhu chakakosha pakurarama kwemuchadenga nekuti inogona kupa isingaperi tsime reokisijeni kana yakatorwa kubva muchinhu ichi.
NASA yakapa mari inosvika 57.2 miriyoni emadhora kuICON yekugadzira 3D yekudhinda sisitimu yekuvaka zvivakwa pamusoro pemwedzi uye zvakare iri kushanda pamwe nekambani kugadzira Mars Dune Alpha pekugara.Chinangwa ndechekuedza mamiriro ehupenyu paMars nekuita kuti vazvipiri vagare munzvimbo inogara kwegore rimwe, vachitevedzera mamiriro eRed Planet.Kuedza uku kunomiririra nhanho dzakakomba dzekuvaka zvakananga 3D yakadhindwa zvimiro pamwedzi neMars, izvo zvinogona kupedzisira zvagadzira nzira yenzvimbo yemunhu.
Munguva yemberi iri kure, dzimba idzi dzaigona kuita kuti upenyu hurarame mudenga.
Nguva yekutumira: Jun-14-2023